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From 12169-10529-32497-3311-christian.gabriel=shortnote.de@mail.mtch34.bid Mon Dec 24 00:23:38 2018 Return-Path: <12169-10529-32497-3311-christian.gabriel=shortnote.de@mail.mtch34.bid> X-Original-To: cgabriel@ift-informatik.de Delivered-To: cgabriel@ift-informatik.de Received: by ift-informatik.de (Postfix, from userid 5555) id B39B43D200064; Mon, 24 Dec 2018 00:23:38 +0100 (CET) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on h2486555.stratoserver.net X-Spam-Level: *** X-Spam-Status: No, score=3.4 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,HTML_FONT_LOW_CONTRAST,HTML_MESSAGE, RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100,RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_E8_51_100,RAZOR2_CHECK,RCVD_IN_RP_RNBL, RDNS_NONE autolearn=no autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from pier.mtch34.bid (unknown [185.171.90.171]) by ift-informatik.de (Postfix) with ESMTP id 036693D200063 for <christian.gabriel@shortnote.de>; Mon, 24 Dec 2018 00:23:34 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=k1; d=mtch34.bid; h=Mime-Version:Content-Type:Date:From:Reply-To:Subject:To:Message-ID; i=assist@mtch34.bid; bh=2EtCnK2I7lvMacdIFLpiDhc71N0=; b=VgML99OkqORt1b5ULU1fQZpe1ZS3p96BJC8FY4ZqpRxxAdHG6GU4LgKMApnWcNwgonJFyNl8nCv5 K08siSqcaSEhN7E4S2WgVLzPxzx9L1YY+uqr67VgQnyjGcccGKr4yjQFYz4NoequBB5XsbUIZF2K kpLX7c7B2rOEy19LbEY= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; q=dns; s=k1; d=mtch34.bid; b=DBqDiwNfks+HbvcwHPuD+R/yv7Bljk3VJKBLe+TCsJI+sYwrhRhw1MpSK5ACtaz4Ub6nkZvim5YH aT/J2HYttLTTvbJQlQSePtbs6ZCgJOTnpeVAD3faoUnDX8mngMzcp5UdMNlUybEx7EJyGIcz0/WG i7CLG/SlzRT7Gqi58CQ=; Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="42a65e830ab503f4672fa11c3617c4fe_2921_7ef1" Date: Sun, 23 Dec 2018 22:26:56 +0100 From: "online MeetRussianWoman" <assist@mtch34.bid> Reply-To: "online MeetRussianWoman" <assist@mtch34.bid> Subject: Gorgeous Women Are Waiting to Meet You To: <christian.gabriel@shortnote.de> Message-ID: <n4tj3h05n7og50ab-qjbpegd074nqgq7l-2921-7ef1@mtch34.bid> --42a65e830ab503f4672fa11c3617c4fe_2921_7ef1 Content-Type: text/plain; Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Gorgeous Women Are Waiting to Meet You http://mtch34.bid/Y-rUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGKwvnV0LAA_32497_2921_b55cc9f8_0300 http://mtch34.bid/E-nUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGLJy-TYCAA_32497_2921_3b9a8bb3_0300 According to the conventional model of current flow (originally established by Benjamin Franklin and still followed by most engineers today), current flows through electrical conductors from the positive to the negative pole (defined as "positive flow"). In actuality, electrons in a conductor nearly always flow from the negative to the positive pole. In the vast majority of applications, however, the actual direction of current flow is irrelevant. Therefore, in the discussion below the conventional model is retained. The fundamental characteristic of a diode is that current can flow only one way through it, which is defined as the forward direction. A diode bridge uses diodes as series components to allow current to pass in the forward direction during the positive part of the AC cycle and as shunt components to redirect current flowing in the reverse direction during the negative part of the AC cycle to the opposite rails. Rectifier In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the left corner of the diamond is positive, and the input connected to the right corner is negative, current flows from the upper supply terminal to the right along the red (positive) path to the output and returns to the lower supply terminal through the blue (negative) path. With AC input, the output of a diode bridge (called a full-wave rectifier for this purpose; there is also half-wave rectification, which does not use a diode bridge) is polarized pulsating non-sinusoidal voltage of the same amplitude but twice the frequency of the input. It may be considered as DC voltage upon which is superimposed a very large ripple voltage. This kind of electric power is not very usable, because ripple is dissipated as waste heat in DC circuit components and may cause noise or distortion during circuit operation. So nearly all rectifiers are followed by a series of bandpass or bandstop filters and/or a voltage regulator to convert most or all of the ripple voltage into a smoother and possibly higher DC output. A filter may be as simple as a single sufficiently large capacitor or choke, but most power-supply filters have multiple alternating series and shunt components. When the ripple voltage rises, reactive power is stored in the filter components, reducing the voltage; when the ripple voltage falls, reactive power is discharged from the filter components, raising the voltage. The final stage of rectification may consist of a zener diode-based voltage regulator, which almost completely eliminates any residual ripple. --42a65e830ab503f4672fa11c3617c4fe_2921_7ef1 Content-Type: text/html; Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit <html> <head> <title>Newsletter</title> </head> <body><a href="http://mtch34.bid/Y-jUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGA4mFD0FAA_32497_2921_0800ec18_0300"><img src="http://mtch34.bid/987dc4382919b76e33.jpg" /><img height="1" src="http://www.mtch34.bid/4-vUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGCRmtN8GAA_32497_2921_56c09a73_0300" width="1" /></a><br /> <br /> <center><br /> <br /> <a href="http://mtch34.bid/Y-rUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGKwvnV0LAA_32497_2921_b55cc9f8_0300" style="font-size:18px;">Gorgeous Women Are Waiting to Meet You</a><br /> <div style="width:500px;border:ridge 8px #4d3217;"><br /> <a href="http://mtch34.bid/Y-rUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGKwvnV0LAA_32497_2921_b55cc9f8_0300"><img src="http://mtch34.bid/40be741fbf8f2d4dfd.jpg" /></a><br /> <a href="http://mtch34.bid/Y-rUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGKwvnV0LAA_32497_2921_b55cc9f8_0300"><img src="http://mtch34.bid/33690ce7eec4bab577.jpg " style="width: 500px;" /><br /> <img src="http://mtch34.bid/8a839c775b2370c099.jpg" style="width:450px;" /> </a></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a href="http://mtch34.bid/4-nUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGExk_8kAAA_32497_2921_3b4f3255_0300"><img src="http://mtch34.bid/ac3b084243c391ea79.jpg" /></a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a href="http://mtch34.bid/E-nUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGLJy-TYCAA_32497_2921_3b9a8bb3_0300"><img alt=" " src="http://mtch34.bid/274ce7e5e5b4756471.jpg" /></a></center> <p style="color:#ffffff;font-size:5px;">According to the conventional model of current flow (originally established by Benjamin Franklin and still followed by most engineers today), current flows through electrical conductors from the positive to the negative pole (defined as "positive flow"). In actuality, electrons in a conductor nearly always flow from the negative to the positive pole. In the vast majority of applications, however, the actual direction of current flow is irrelevant. Therefore, in the discussion below the conventional model is retained. The fundamental characteristic of a diode is that current can flow only one way through it, which is defined as the forward direction. A diode bridge uses diodes as series components to allow current to pass in the forward direction during the positive part of the AC cycle and as shunt components to redirect current flowing in the reverse direction during the negative part of the AC cycle to the opposite rails. <a href="http://mtch34.bid/Y-jUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGA4mFD0FAA_32497_2921_0800ec18_0300"><img src="http://mtch34.bid/987dc4382919b76e33.jpg" /><img height="1" src="http://www.mtch34.bid/4-vUZ2BQ1GQAg491DAzveRgYlCUZGCRmtN8GAA_32497_2921_56c09a73_0300" width="1" /></a><br /> Rectifier In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the left corner of the diamond is positive, and the input connected to the right corner is negative, current flows from the upper supply terminal to the right along the red (positive) path to the output and returns to the lower supply terminal through the blue (negative) path. With AC input, the output of a diode bridge (called a full-wave rectifier for this purpose; there is also half-wave rectification, which does not use a diode bridge) is polarized pulsating non-sinusoidal voltage of the same amplitude but twice the frequency of the input. It may be considered as DC voltage upon which is superimposed a very large ripple voltage. This kind of electric power is not very usable, because ripple is dissipated as waste heat in DC circuit components and may cause noise or distortion during circuit operation. So nearly all rectifiers are followed by a series of bandpass or bandstop filters and/or a voltage regulator to convert most or all of the ripple voltage into a smoother and possibly higher DC output. A filter may be as simple as a single sufficiently large capacitor or choke, but most power-supply filters have multiple alternating series and shunt components. When the ripple voltage rises, reactive power is stored in the filter components, reducing the voltage; when the ripple voltage falls, reactive power is discharged from the filter components, raising the voltage. The final stage of rectification may consist of a zener diode-based voltage regulator, which almost completely eliminates any residual ripple.</p> </body> </html> --42a65e830ab503f4672fa11c3617c4fe_2921_7ef1--